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On offer is a Fairbanks Winchester bushel scale, also known as a chondrometer or grain scale, used for measuring the bulk density of grain. This instrument, often made of brass, was used by millers and grain merchants to assess grain quality. It works by measuring the weight of a specific volume of grain, providing an indication of its density and therefore its quality.
Key components and how they function:
Funnel:
Grain is poured into the top funnel.
Bucket:
Once the grain is cleaned of impurities, it's transferred to the funnel, which is then connected to its box with a brass screw. The base of the funnel is opened to fill the bucket, which is then weighed.
Scale arm:
The weight is measured using a scale arm, which is often divided into pounds per bushel and kilograms per hectolitre.
The density measurement helps determine the quality of the grain because withered or poor-quality grains will result in a lower density reading. Factors such as moisture content and events during the grain-filling period can influence the test weight. Keeping the scale clean and free from obstructions is important for maintaining its accuracy.
E.R. & F. Turner, a milling engineering company, produced grain handling and drying equipment, which included scales like this one. The company's history dates back to 1939, and they are known for expertise-driven solutions in the milling industry.